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Space missions benefit greatly by the capability of the on-board GNC system to adapt rapidly to unknown environment. Autonomous vision-based navigation is a particular technology under implementation in several ESA missions. One of the most interesting applications in that field is the proximity operations around a small asteroid, like those in HERA.
The goal of this activity was to develop a navigation algorithm with the capability to fly over an unknown terrain and achieve better navigation performances than current vision-based techniques based on unknown feature tracking.
GMV
The study demonstrates that in an emergency situation, with only a very short warning time, the launch of a fast asteroid kinetic deflection mission is feasible (targeting launch-readiness in six months!), given that certain identified pre-requisites have been prepared well in advance. The capabilities and requirements of 'hijacking' and modifying a commercial spacecraft platform in order to perform asteroid kinetic deflection in the shortest possible time were consequently assessed.
Airbus
The International Space Station (ISS) is slowly approaching the end of its mission. The European Space Agency (ESA) and its international partners are considering new mission targets for the future of human space exploration in the post-ISS era. Highest ranked on the list of potential targets are a return to the Moon, Near-Earth Objects or asteroids, the moons of Mars (Phobos, Deimos) and, as the ultimate target the surface of Mars.
COMEX SA
ESA’s Asteroid Impact Mission (AIM) is both a Technology Mission of Opportunity, and a mission to greatly improve our understanding of asteroid physical properties and their response to a hypervelocity impact event on their surface. The AIM mission is combined with the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART). Both missions complement one another in a joint asteroid impact test and observation campaign called Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA). The Thermal InfraRed Imager (TIRI) is Thermal IR imager of the AIM mission.
Cosine Research
This purpose of the study was to develop a high frequency radar to sound the first tens of metres of asteroid regolith and to achieve 3D tomography with metric resolution in order to
- Determine its structure and layering
- Identify geomorphological elements (rocks, boulders, etc.) embedded in the sub surface
- Map the spatial variation its texture
- Derive an estimate of dielectric permittivity of the sub-surface material
Institut de Planétologie...
The MASCOT (Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout) lander onboard JAXA's Hayabusa 2 sample return mission to C-type Near Earth asteroid Ryugu is a lightweight (~ 10 kg) and compact (0.3 x 0.3 x 0.2 m3 ) landing platform with the capability to carry various in-situ experiments with a total mass of up to ~3 kg. Thus a system to payload mass ratio of 7:3 can be achieved.
DLR
The NEMS – Near-Earth Exploration Minimum System internal ESA study, conducted at ESA's Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) between March and April 2011 aimed at investigating and reporting on the main trade-offs, system drivers and critical risk areas associated with even the most basic human exploration beyond Earth-Moon system. The (purely theoretical) mission scenario addressed the transfer a crew of 3 astronauts from the Earth to an accessible Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) and their safe return to Earth before 2030. Dust contamination was identified as a major concern.
ONERA
The Light Touch2 concept proposes the use of laser ablation to change the orbital velocity of a 4m, 130 ton, asteroid by 1m/s in less than 3 years A laser beam is used to sublimate part of the asteroid material and generate a low and continuous thrust. This study demonstrates how to implement this concept on a medium class interplanetary spacecraft, here called AdAM (Asteroid Ablation Mission).
Methodology
UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE
KABOOM
We study a low-cost interplanetary mission to demonstrate the capability of artificially modifying the orbit of a small (250 ton) binary asteroid body. The targeting spacecraft survives the slow (~1 m/s) impact to carry out the orbit modification measurement afterwards.
Methodology:
Politechnico di Milano
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