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The objective of the APPS study has been to investigate the feasibility, architectural and system design, and potential performance of a non-nuclear system whose single goal is to provide survival and servicing support to a planetary payload element, in order to ensure its operations despite the absence of sunlight for extended periods. The principle aim is to advance concepts and overall approaches to meet this goal, and to provide a framework for the future development of key technologies.
OHB System AG
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are already used in space missions (e.g. GOCE, Swarm, Sentinel, and MetOp, among others), not only as a navigation sensor (either for autonomous orbit and attitude determination or for relative navigation) but also as a science instrument (e.g. for altimetry, global geodesy, Radio Occultation and GNSS Reflectometry applications). However, its use is usually limited to orbits or mission phases below the orbits of GNSS satellites, since GNSS satellite antennas transmit mainly in the Earth's direction.
Deimos