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Development of deep-space optical communication systems (DOCS) poses a number of technical challenges as compared to conventional radio-frequency links. The higher energy of a single quantum (a photon) at the optical carrier frequency implies the need for dedicated modulation formats and receiver designs. The current technical standard for efficient DOCS is pulse position modulation (PPM) format combined with direct detection (DD) which for photon-starved links is implemented as photon counting.
Quantum Optical...
Project HyperClass aimed at accelerating the technology to process spectra received from single pixel images of space objects and:
i) extract the material composition of the object,
ii) classify the object according to a set of predefined features,
iii) estimate the attitude motion from the spectral lightcurve.
UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE
In this project, the University of Luxembourg studied and evaluated a new concept of connecting space missions via space internet providers. The system requirements, necessary adaptations, and possible limitations are provided and discussed. Three types of space internet provider were studied and evaluated: Starlink, OneWeb and O3b mPOWER.
University of Luxembourg
The LEO-GEO4GHG project studied the feasibility of new frontiers of cloud computing in space and artificial intelligence (AI) combining multiple sources of data such as the SATLANTIS GEI-SAT constellation and other external meteorological and atmospheric data with the final aim of providing near real-time methane detection and quantification.
SATLANTIS MICROSATS SA
The project, part of the ESA Discovery Campaign on Remote Sensing of Plastic Marine Litter, developed a method to estimate floating macroplastic accumulation and transport rates in rivers using remote sensing. It combined the detection of floating water hyacinths using Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 with in-situ estimates of macroplastic densities carried by this invasive aquatic weed. Water hyacinths typically form large patches of several meters of width and length, and can thus be detected from space.
Wageningen University...
Persistent Responsive Real-Time Earth Observation small satellite constellation mission (PERTEO) was a study dedicated to providing a global democratic service to support disaster management. Earth observation and satellite-based communications play a key role in supporting disaster management targeting responsiveness and the persistence of the service. In the terminology of on-demand Copernicus services, responsiveness is determined by the lead-time and latency. The persistence is determined by the availability and by the revisit time of the service.
DEIMOS ENGINEERING AND...
The project, named in short 'Plastic Monitor', was part of the ESA Discovery Campaign on Remote Sensing of Plastic Marine Litter, funded by the Discovery element of ESA’s Basic Activities. Plastic Monitor aimed to assess the feasibility of detecting heavy plastic pollution loads in an Indonesian river using satellite imagery and ground truth data, and to demonstrate how remote sensing can enhance the quantification and monitoring of plastic input into the marine environment.
The specific objectives of the project were to:
Deltares
This activity developed high-performance data compression software with embedded data analysis features for radio-frequency, multi-band images and video. It offers excellent compression ratios and quality levels with very small computing requirements, which even allow for real-time operation on modest processors. Tests on data from ESA's OPS-SAT satellite reveal image ratios over 1:10 with excellent visual quality, and radio-frequency ratios over 1:3 with nearly identical spectrograms thanks to a smart lossy approach.
DAPCOM Data Services
‘STARCOP’ is an initiative to use machine learning and multiple satellites with diverse detection capabilities to quickly detect methane leaks and send notifications in near real-time. In this project Trillium Technologies developed machine learning models to automatically detect methane in hyperspectral and multispectral imagery. Their hyperspectral model (HyperSTARCOP) is able to capture more than 90% of plumes in test data while reducing the false positive rate by 39% when compared to state-of-the-art models.
Trillium Technologies
The objective of the MARLISAT project was to further develop marine plastic monitoring through the use of multiple satellite technologies. In effect, the intention was to use satellite technology to detect marine litter, track it and forecast its pathways.
Four satellite technologies were combined:
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