Many astronomical space missions observe at wavelengths which are absorbed by the atmosphere, as for example some infrared, ultraviolet or x-ray bands. Especially UV and x-ray optics have very stringent alignment tolerances due to the small wavelengths. Consequently, telescopes and instruments can only be tested at their operational wavelengths under vacuum conditions. Traditional methods for fixing optical elements and subassemblies (eg.

The supra-THz (>3 THz) bands have been recently proposed for low Earth orbit THz remote sounding missions such as LOCUS (Low-Cost Upper-atmosphere Sounder). In order to achieve coherent detection, heterodyne receivers at supra-THz frequencies are under development by integrating in a single waveguide cavity a Schottky based mixers fed by a Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) as Local Oscillator (LO). Thanks to the QCL, enough LO power is available to drive the mixer.

Mass market receivers are currently basing the provision of position and navigation functionalities by using a number of different signals (GNSS as primary means of navigation, cellular network etc.). The introduction of Galileo and Assisted Galileo services in the mass market applications, will bring significant benefits to the users, especially for applications in harsh conditions and environments, like urban/suburban.

As required for the ATHENA mission, filters with high opacity for IR/Visible/UV light need to be developed to reduce the straylight in these spectra. At the same time, a high transmission in the x-ray band shall be maintained.The experience from recent developments in the semicon industry of producing suitable large size carbon nanotube-based foils, shall be utilized. These foils shall form the support membrane for the required x-ray filters.