Gaps in existing radiation environment and effects standards adversely affect human spaceflight developments. The most important drivers in the domain of interplanetary and planetary radiation environments were investigated, identifying appropriate data sources and modelling methods to address the needs of future interplanetary manned mission design and operation.

New radiation estimates have been compiled for missions to the Moon, Mars, and near- Earth asteroids, combining a comprehensive set of spacecraft and neutron monitor data with statistical models. A roadmap for future developments is presented, as well as a gap analysis of environment data and models of the radiation environment and effects on humans and spacecraft components.