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We have continued our shock physics code calculation studies of DART-like impact events. This includes comparisons of iSALE and SPH code calculations, using a range of strength and structural properties. The effect of porosity was studied in detail by applying different crushcurves, representing materials with varying crushing strength. The crushcurve was found to have a large influence on the outcome, in particular the ejecta properties and momentum transfer.

The project aimed to establish a structured approach to an optimised part or component by applying Concurrent Design methods. It intended to incorporate all necessary disciplines and competencies that are required for a potential spacecraft part. Within the activity, advanced manufacturing included various novel techniques, not only additive manufacturing. It means that the Concurrent Design approach was developed for the engineering of units to be built with a broad range of advanced manufacturing technologies.

Due to the harsh nature of outer space, stringent requirements and performances are required from space systems. Thanks to evolving environmental awareness and the building up of a knowledge base at ESA, we are becoming more wary of the environmental impact of space activities on Earth. Through the GreenSat project, ESA wants to evolve from the assessment to reduction of environmental impact through redesigning an existing satellite mission. The project allows ESA to check the feasibility of implementing ecodesign in the development of space missions.

This study aimed to achieve the following objectives:

• To anticipate the security needs and requirements of future space missions (Earth observation, communication, navigation, science, exploration, etc.) with respect to architectures considered for future missions.

• To build an advanced security architecture portfolio embedding state-of-the-art security concepts, technics, technologies, components and solutions.