In an era of high resolution gravity field modelling the dominant error sources in spacecraft orbit determination are non-conservative spacecraft surface forces, such as: Solar Radiation Pressure, antenna thrust, Earth' albedo, thermal re-radiation, etc. The conventional approach to these problems is to use an empirical blind model which absorb all the forces but this approach introduces systematic errors and limit the prediction of the orbit. In the last years several wind-box model have appeared, developed based in GPS and Glonass official information, to overcome this limitation.

The activity scope is to trade-off GNSS payload architectures and technologies that would enable the main streams of GNSS payload Long Term Evolution (2020/2025):1)Signal Generation Flexibility/Re-configurability, 2)Power Control Flexibility, 3)EIRP Increase, 4)Performance improvements .A)Analyse the Galileo Signal Generation Subsystem, its requirements, performance and limitations (, e.g. technological, functional, etc.) in terms of signal generation flexibility/re-configurability.

In the long term evolution of GNSS, it is expected that new signals and innovative signal designs will be conceived to support the next-generation of GNSS applications. These future GNSS signals will require innovative protection mechanisms to enable the business models of value-added services from multiple service providers, ensuring the protection of service revenues.

This project was intended to contribute to the implementation of the e-navigation concept (as defined by IMO, Ref. 2.2.6), with primary focus on the navigation in restricted waters, such as harbours, lagoons or regions where the traffic congestion can create conditions for accidents or inefficient operations.

The performance of the future GNSS systems will be driven by more and more demanding applications asking for the ultimate accuracy in the most challenging scenarios and under every condition.

The incorporation of inter-satellite-links to the Galileo architecture is under detailed assessment by the GNSS Evolution Program, given its visible potential to:- Enhance the overall constellation command-ability- Enhance the overall constellation monitoring-ability- Simplify the Ground Segment, reducing the number of remote ground stations- Enhance the navigation message accuracy- Enhance constellation autonomyThe incorporation of inter-satellite-links to Galileo imply an important evolution of its functional and physical architecture.

GNSS sensor stations, part of large GNSS infrastructure, provide the key inputs for the core processing facilities to compute orbit, clocks , ionosphere products and even integrity corrections.

GALIST is a project that supports the traceability of food products linked to their position and the occurrence of significant events (e.g. labelling, packaging, shipping). The system is based on an innovative concept that uses GNSS combined with ADSB data, which is provided by airplanes. The GALIST project uses, in fact, a double-certification approach – based on a proprietary algorithm – to keep track of products.

Provision of integrity in harsh terrestrial environment is very difficult due to the increasing rate of failure induced by the local effects. Analysis of these events shall be performed together with the possible countermeasure and detection mechanism in order to minimise the integrity impact maximising service availability and continuity. Ground Integrity Channel as EGNOS and GALILEO will only cover the system events so usage of local solutions is mandatory to cope with the local threats.

Given that a navigation signal is weak when received by a GNSS receiver on earth it can be easily interfered by other signals. Field campaigns, performed up to now, at numerous locations, have shown that the level of interference in Galileo E5 and E6 could be, quite often, significantly higher than the typical level of interference in Galileo E1. In the frame of the ESA GSP activity Interference Information Systems (IIS) several concepts for interference mitigation were proposed and preliminary assessed from a theoretical and conceptual perspective; amongst them the following:1.