Space-based radio echo sounding of the continental ice sheets can potentially provide full coverage with uniform sampling and data quality as well as detection of change in environmentally sensitive areas. This research addresses the feasibility of sounding the Antarctic ice sheets with a space-based P-band radar. The assessment makes use of an electromagnetic model of the ice sheets where most of the model parameters are estimated from data that have been acquired in Antarctica with an airborne P-band ice sounding radar.

Studies on high-sensitivity Rx have already focussed on weak-signal (e.g.

Indonesia is periodically affected by severe volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, which are geologically coupled to the convergence of the Australian tectonic plate beneath the Sunda Plate. SAR interferometry (InSAR) is a satellite technology based on radar sensors that can be used to support the study and modelling of terrain movements such as tectonic motions associated with faults, and volcanic processes related to magma movement. The main advantages of InSAR is the synoptic view of wide areas, and the periodic surveying that guarantees long-term monitoring and time series analysis.

The Biomass satellite is a polarimetric P-band (435 MHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in a dawn-dusk low-Earth orbit. Its principal objective is to measure biomass content and biomass change in all of Earth’s forests. The mission launch is envisaged around 2024, for a duration of five years.

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Background and justification: The

Communication techniques can be introduced in the Navigation domain to improve the performances. Easyness of the generation/reception of the signal, reduction of the intrasystem interference, higher orthogonality of the spreading sequences, efficiency of the message encoding mechanism to achieve higher data rate or lower BER, robustness of the signal tracking, higher efficiency in the exploitation of the available bandwidth, robustness to hostile RF environment, jamming and anti spoofing capability etc. are areas for possible improvement.

Protection of space assets is becoming more and more important now that vital services and applications are depending on space infrastructure. This is particularly true in the domain of navigation where an increased number of applications like safety of life aeronautical services, critical bank transaction are relying on the services provided by the GNSS systems as the primary if not the sole source of the time and position solution.Designing robust telecommanding and Mission receivers is therefore one of the mandatory requirements for the design of future systems.

A number of European Space Agency's (ESA) initiatives planned for the current decade require metrology level accuracy antenna measurements at frequencies extending from L-band to as low as 400 MHz. The BIOMASS radar, the Galileo navigation and search and rescue services could be mentioned among others.