Salinity reduction of yellow waters

To reduce salinity using membrane technology for the production of hygienic and potable water from cabin condensates and urine 

In the current mid to longterm exploration scenario, production of hygienic and potable water from cabin condensates and urine has been identified as a technology of interest.The first challenge to address is posed by the high salinity and organic matter load of urine. Especially the salinity is of concern, as it can be directly related to the energy demand of the implemented technology.Knowledge has been gained in previous studies; recent developments in membrane technologies (e.g. Membranes, processes) occurred.The main tasks of the study proposed are therefore to:- Review relevant technologies, including membrane-based ones, able to reduce salinity of the waste waters- Perform a trade-off of processes, including evaluation of ALISSE criteria;- Demonstrate the relevance of proposed processes through performance of arelevant test campaign.