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For plastic detection, characterisation and tracking, we need rich spectral information, ideally hyperspectral data. We would like hyperspectral data up to short-wave infrared (2500 nm) and around 0.5 m ground sample distance. Neither of these characteristics are existent in current Earth observation missions, and will still be difficult to find in future Earth observation missions.

• Build and test an engineering model of innovative X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer for the Moon
• Demonstrated instrument performance over temperature range during thermal-vac campaign
• Reduction of measurement fluctuation from 25.2% to 3.7 %
• Improvement of accuracy thanks to peak selection algorithm
• World record in term of energy resolution with this type of EDXRF instrument
• Free space weather measurement thanks to Time Domain MCA

A digital twin merges a data model with AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology and the existing expertise. It hence allows for an unsurpassed level of monitoring via real-time and continuous assessment and evaluation, precise diagnostics, maintenance prediction, downtime prevention and maximised equipment effectiveness. The Digital Twin concept is getting more and more traction, and is envisaged notably for space missions or for spacecraft.

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As new software tools are developed for Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) applications, parallel improvements are needed for Concurrent Engineering teams, since this can be one of the first steps for a model-based approach to build-up on throughout the continuation of the project. One of the main constraints during Concurrent Design (CD) studies is the capability of generating and evaluating a large amount of possible mission architectures without the implication of additional experts or time allocation.