In terrestrial electronics, a number of technological solutions have been developed and verified to allow direct (power) SMD EEE components mounting on PCBs with very good thermal conduction properties to the applicable thermal sink/baseplate.There are different principles (from rather basic - Insulated Thermal Substrates to Filled Thermal Vias, combination of Microvias and Buried Vias - to advanced approaches - including micro heat pipes embedded in PCBs).See for example the information provided at the following web links:a.

Large apertures (antennas and telescopes) and long baselines and focal lengths in space have applications for telecommunications, Earth observation and scientific missions. Astrophysics missions need deployable structures mostly for the creation of long base lines of interferometers and large focal lengths, e.g. for X-ray telescopes. Missions currently in early phases may require for instance deployable booms of up to 100 m deployed length and positioning accuracy within a sphere of 1 mm radius or better and rotations lower than 0.005 degree.

Background and justification:

• The powder characterization method PowderGenetics forms the basis for later evaluation and correlation strategies. Among the numerous variables along the whole additive manufacturing chain, PowderGenetics is a way to allow powder material to become measured, compared and evaluated. It aims to become one constant within the process.

Achievements and status:

All telecommunications satellite radiators are typically covered with a low solar absorptance and a high infrared emittance coating. Because of the high emittance value, the satellite requires more power/battery for heating during eclipse. A tuneable infrared emittance coating can decrease it during an eclipse and can contribute indirectly to a reduction of the battery mass. A low absorptance coating minimises the solar heat load on the radiator and consequently its size and mass.

N/A

Glass cells are typically used in Frequency Standard, both as reference cell, in the lamps for atomic pumping and as dissociator bulbs.When used in a lamp (RAFS or Mercury ion trap), the cell must be sufficiently resilient for avoiding limitations in the lifetime due to diffusion of material (i.e. Rubidium or Mercury) inside the bulb walls, given the combination of dissociation mechanisms and high temperatures.

As on Earth, space debris should not only be seen as a threat. Instead, the value of waste as a recycled good should be understood. On Earth, this potential is already fully recognised. The German recycling industry alone generates more revenue than the entire European space industry. Nevertheless, this treasure was never lifted in space.