Glass cells are typically used in Frequency Standard, both as reference cell, in the lamps for atomic pumping and as dissociator bulbs.When used in a lamp (RAFS or Mercury ion trap), the cell must be sufficiently resilient for avoiding limitations in the lifetime due to diffusion of material (i.e. Rubidium or Mercury) inside the bulb walls, given the combination of dissociation mechanisms and high temperatures.

Currently the size limit for primary mirrors of large telescopes is - due to the available Ariane-5 fairing - typically at 3.5m (Herschel). Future science (and most likely also Earth observation missions) will call for larger telescope sizes due to more demanding requirements on the light collecting efficiency and angular resolution.

During the manufacturing of large structures such as launch vehicles, spacecraft, and propellant storage systems, it is often necessary to add external features such as brackets during the manufacturing process. Depending on the material used for the structure, features such as brackets can be attached using traditional techniques such as TIG welding. However during conventional fusion welding, there is always a danger that distortion can occur, or that the poor weldability of the material can result in a significant loss in mechanical performance or weld integrity.

Electrical contact materials used today for sliding electrical transfer applications have been developed in the 60/70th and are procuredfrom USA.It is believed that the latest manufacturing capabilities available in Europe are able to manufacture some new class of sliding contact material alloys. This activity propose to test the most promising European materials developed for sliding electrical contact applications.

Current chemical propulsion systems rely on the hypergolic reaction of dangerous, corrosive and toxic chemicals. The selection of these chemicals was driven by a range of needs including performance, storability and reliability. They have also driven up the sub-system design justification cost. Current ''green'' propulsion options can offer some mitigation of these issues however most alternatives are not benign chemicals and continue to have safety and cost concerns. Electrolysis (ECLSS heritage) technology in Europe is at a high TRL.

Typical isolation systems currently used are limited to passive isolators, based on viscoelastic elements. Other passive existing technologies include eddy-current dampers, the so-called D-struts and shunted piezo electric transducers. Active systems include voicecoil and piezo actuators and active eddy current dampers. This proposal is prompted by recent developments in the frame of TEC Technology Assessment supported work on electromagnetic shunt dampers connected to a negative resistance circuit showing promising performances.

Reaction wheels exhibit dominant magnetic field emissions that shall be reduced to allow the reaction wheel use on magnetically susceptible missions without negative impact on scientific objectives. Conventional reaction wheels use brushless DC motors with relatively high magnetic flux densities in large air gaps without any dedicated compensation or 'magnetic balancing' of the motor magnets. The motor external magnetic field together with contributions from further components, (ball bearings), combine to a significant magnetic dipole moment.