Louvers are active thermal control elements that are typically placed over external radiators to be able to tune heat rejection from typically a factor 1 (fully closed) to 5 (fully open). The most commonly used louver is the bimetallic, spring-actuated, rectangular blade louver also known as venetian-blind louver. One of the known drawbacks of this technology is the mass and volume it requires, in particular with regards to the deployment of blades.

In the conventional system approach, image stability requirements are met constraining the platform and instruments to a very quiet thermo-mechanical environment. Major limitations come from the difficulties to develop low noise reaction wheels and the huge mass penalty of a cold gas micropropulsion solution. For the GEO-HR mission, which targets 6-10 m spatial resolution from GEO, an active line of sight control is considered as a candidate solution.

Along 20 years of life sciences research in space, several full size microscopes were developed (phase contrast, fluorescence analysis, and recently the Advanced Light Microscope from NASA) to be used on board the ISS. However, such bulky systems appeared to prevent a versatile use and limit the potential of experiments that can be performed today on ground. In particular, none of them can be accommodated on an on board centrifuge to perform experiments in microgravity and at various G level. And for most of them, the samples are fixed on a glass slide and allow only static analyses.

Up to now, the RF Safe Operating Area (SOA) of a process is evaluated by performing, at Room Temperature, RF step stress tests and RF life testing on specific parts and for specific applications only. In order to establish the complete RF SOA of a process, i.e. the RF SOA covering the main applications of a process, the two following main testing need to be done. Firstly, RF step stress tests and RF life testing will be performed on several MMIC designs and/or discrete parts, specifically chosen to be representative of the main applications of 2 major European millimeter-wave processes.

The possibility to acquire and track signals for which the PRN code is not public (e.g. as for Galileo Public Regulated Service or any other non-public GNSS service) is of high interest in order to be able to assess, with real field signal, new acquisition and tracking techniques that otherwise can only be assessed with a full GNSS receiver with access to those PRN codes. In this context, the recovery of the unknown PRN codes from low-noise signal recordings (e.g.

Future spacecraft missions require high accuracy (in relative and absolute kinematics as well as attitude parameters).