Medical imaging capabilities available in the ISS are today limited to an ultrasound scanner. While ultrasound offers a number of advantages, it also has several constraints, in particular in terms of operator dependence and difficulty in acquiring a high-quality images. In the field of medical imaging, ESA has for several years sponsored a number of activities focusing on ultrasound.

Future high frequency interferometric antennas (e.g. at Ka band) using large baselines require verification and testing with a very high accuracy, in particular in phase. While such interferometric testing and ground calibration techniques have been successfully performed in the past (i.e.

In time scales of minutes the solar subflares and gamma ray bursts, like GRB221009A, can respectively release, small but close and huge but very far away amounts of electromagnetic energy, in Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV), X-ray and γ- ray, among other bands. However the availability of conventional astronomical sensors for these bands, for instance in EUV, fundamental to characterize the habitability zone of exoplanets in hosting stars, is presently very limited or just non existing.

Solar energy is a renewable energy whose harvesting depends on the incidence of solar rays on solar panels. Solar trackers are basically made of mechanically or pneumatic actuating systems enable to adapt the solar panel inclination with solar daily course. Although this action may lead to more effective solar panel, it costs actuating energy and requires maintenance which is detrimental in extreme environment like space.