Future human space exploration, including missions to the Moon and beyond, will require a paradigm shift in the current approach to in-flight exercise countermeasures, particularly when it comes to exercise devices (e.g. CEVIS, T2, ARED to name a few). Exploration vehicles will be significantly smaller, requiring exercise hardware to be smaller, lighter and less complex than current devices, and ideally multi-functional, capable of stressing the musculoskeletal (MSK) system, the cardiovascular (CV) system and other associated system (e.g. neuro-vestibular - NV).

The European Charging Station for the Moon is a proposed payload for future use in the next phases of establishing human presence on the Moon, envisioned to provide power to multiple Users on the lunar surface.

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Advanced green energy generation concepts like space-based solar power (SBSP) have extensively been studied in the past and interest in these concepts has increased recently. To prepare for future decision making on SBSP, ESA has initiated a preparatory initiative called SOLARIS. In November 2022, funding for this initiative was approved at the ESA Council at Ministerial Level. Previous studies have shown that implementing space-based solar power (SBSP) is challenging due to the demand for tremendously large infrastructures that require numerous launches with large masses.